Update 2 (8:03PM ET on July 21, 2021): JayzTwoCents has tweeted out that he has received reports of 6900 XT and 6800 cards from AMD also encountering issues where they have died while playing New World.
These two card models are the two most powerful cards currently available on the market from AMD.
This does seem to indicate that it's not limited to Nvidia hardware. We'll be sure to update this as new...